Application of natural language processing to predict final recommendation of Brazilian health technology assessment reports.

INTRODUCTION: Health technology assessment (HTA) plays a vital role in healthcare decision-making globally, necessitating the identification of key factors impacting evaluation outcomes due to the significant workload faced by HTA agencies. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to predict the approval status of evaluations conducted by the Brazilian Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) using natural language processing (NLP). METHODS: Data encompassing CONITEC's official report summaries from 2012 to 2022. Textual data was tokenized for NLP analysis. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, neural network, and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were evaluated for accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC) score, precision, and recall. Cluster analysis using the k-modes algorithm categorized entries into two clusters (approved, rejected). RESULTS: The neural network model exhibited the highest accuracy metrics (precision at 0.815, accuracy at 0.769, ROC AUC at 0.871, and recall at 0.746), followed by XGBoost model. The lexical analysis uncovered linguistic markers, like references to international HTA agencies' experiences and government as demandant, potentially influencing CONITEC's decisions. Cluster and XGBoost analyses emphasized that approved evaluations mainly concerned drug assessments, often government-initiated, while non-approved ones frequently evaluated drugs, with the industry as the requester. CONCLUSIONS: NLP model can predict health technology incorporation outcomes, opening avenues for future research using HTA reports from other agencies. This model has the potential to enhance HTA system efficiency by offering initial insights and decision-making criteria, thereby benefiting healthcare experts.

Nursing experiences in specialized services in child and adolescent mental health: a systematic review of qualitative studies.

OBJECTIVE: to synthesize evidence from qualitative studies on nursing experiences regarding child and adolescent mental health care in specialized services. METHOD: a systematic review with meta-synthesis of qualitative studies according to JBI guidelines. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, PSYCinfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. The findings were classified according to the level of reliability and credibility and categorized by similarity between contents. RESULTS: 229 articles were identified, and five were included in the final sample and organized into the categories: Emotional impact; and Understanding nursing role. The level of evidence found was moderate. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: nursing experiences are permeated by emotional exhaustion, feelings of frustration and difficulty in understanding their professional role. The need for training spaces that qualify this care is highlighted.

Machine Learning Model to Predict Graft Rejection After Kidney Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: There are few predictive studies about early posttransplant outcomes taking into account baseline and posttransplant variables. The objective of this study was to create a predictive model for 30-day graft rejection using machine learning techniques. METHODS: Retrospective study with 1255 patients undergoing transplant from living and deceased donors at a tertiary health service in Brazil. Recipient, donor, transplantation, and postoperative period data were collected from physical and electronic records. We split the data into derivation (training) and validation (test) datasets. Five supervised machine learning algorithms were developed with this subset of variables in the training set: Simple Logistic Regression, Lasso, Multilayer Perceptron, XGBoost, and Light GBM. RESULTS: There were 147 (12.48%) cases of graft rejection within 30 days of transplantation. The best model was XGBoost (accuracy, 0.839; receiver operating characteristic area under the curve, 0.715; precision, 0.900). The model showed that deceased donor transplantation, glomerulopathy as an underlying disease, and donor's use of vasoactive drugs had more than 20% importance as rejection risk factors. The variables with the greatest predictive values were thymoglobulin induction and delayed graft function. CONCLUSIONS: We fitted a machine learning model to predict 30-day graft rejection after kidney transplantation that reaches a higher accuracy and precision. Machine learning models could contribute to predicting kidney survival using nontraditional approaches.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of cinacalcet vs. paricalcitol in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease / Análise de custo-efetividade do cinacalcete vs. paricalcitol no tratamento do hiperparatireoidismo secundário à doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT Introduction For the reduction of PTH levels, two classes of drugs are available in the Brazilian market: non-selective and selective vitamin D receptor activators and calcimimetics. Among the mentioned drugs, the SUS provides oral calcitriol, paricalcitol and cinacalcet. Objectives: Develop cost-effectiveness (CE) and budgetary impact (BI) analysis of cinacalcet versus paricalcitol for patients on dialysis with SHPT, from the perspective of SUS. Methodology: A decision tree model was constructed for CE analysis, which considered the outcome of avoided parathyroidectomy and a time horizon of 1 year. As for the BI analysis, two scenarios were considered, one of which was measured demand and other epidemiological, based on data from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). Results: The CE analysis showed that the use of cinacalcet results in one-off savings of R$1,394.64 per year and an incremental effectiveness of 0.08, in relation to avoided parathyroidectomy. The incremental CE ratio (ICER) was - R$ 17,653.67 per avoided parathyroidectomy for cinacalcet, as it was more effective and cheaper compared to paricalcitol. As for the BI analysis, it was estimated that the incremental BI with the expansion of the use of cinacalcet in the SUS will be between - R$ 1,640,864.62 and R$ 166,368.50 in the first year, considering the main and the epidemiological scenarios. At the end of 5 years after the expansion of use, an BI was estimated between - R$ 10,740,743.86 and - R$ 1,191,339.37; considering the same scenarios. Conclusion: Cinacalcet was dominant to avoid parathyroidectomies, being cost-effective.

RESUMO Introdução: Para a redução dos níveis do paratormônio (PTH) estão disponíveis no mercado brasileiro duas classes de medicamentos: ativadores do receptor da vitamina D (não seletivos e seletivos) e calcimiméticos. Dentre os medicamentos supracitados, o SUS disponibiliza calcitriol oral, paricalcitol e cinacalcete. Objetivos: Desenvolver análise de custo-efetividade (CE) e de impacto orçamentário (IO) do cinacalcete versus paricalcitol para pacientes em diálise com HPTS, na perspectiva do SUS. Metodologia: Foi construído um modelo de árvore de decisão para a análise de CE, que considerou o desfecho paratireoidectomia evitada e um horizonte temporal de 1 ano. Quanto à análise de IO, foram considerados dois cenários, um de demanda aferida e outro de abordagem epidemiológica, baseado nos dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia (SBN). Resultados: A análise de CE mostrou que o uso de cinacalcete resulta em economia de R$ 1.394,64 ao ano e efetividade incremental de 0,08, em relação a paratireoidectomia evitada. A razão de CE incremental (RCEI) foi de - R$ 17.653,67 por paratireoidectomia evitada para o cinacalcete, já que se mostrou mais efetivo e mais barato comparado ao paricalcitol. Estimou-se que o IO incremental com a ampliação do uso do cinacalcete no SUS estará entre - R$ 1.640.864,62 e R$ 166.368,50 no primeiro ano, considerando os cenários principal e epidemiológico baseado nos dados da SBN. Já ao final de 5 anos após a ampliação do uso, estimou-se um impacto incremental entre - R$ 10.740.743,86 e - R$ 1.191.339,37; considerando os mesmos cenários. Conclusão: Cinacalcete foi dominante para evitar paratireoidectomias, sendo custo-efetivo.

Exploring the COVID-19 Pandemic's Impact on the Health Technology Assessment Process of the National Commission for the Incorporation of Technologies Into the Brazilian Health System.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Brazilian health technology assessment processes based on public reports from the National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC). METHODS: This descriptive study analyzed CONITEC's official reports on Brazil available on its website between 2018 and 2021 that aimed to propose recommendations for technologies to be incorporated into its public healthcare system. We used descriptive statistics covering the number of technologies and number of reports about drugs per year, objective, type of technology, demanding sector, and outcome before 2018 to 2019 and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). Furthermore, we used logistic regression to explore any association between the final decision labeled as "incorporated" and the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS: A total of 278 reports were analyzed. Approximately 85% (136 of 278), 79% (220 of 278), and 45% of the reports (125 of 278) were about drugs, for incorporation, and requested by the government, respectively. Moreover, 74 of 130 (57%) and 56 of 148 decisions (38%) were "incorporated" before and during the pandemic, respectively. No significant association was noted between incorporated decisions and the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic for all technologies (odds ratio 1.43; 95% CI 0.84-2.46; P = .192) and for drugs (odds ratio 1.43; 95% confidence interval 0.81-2.53; P = .223) while adjusting for the type of technology and demandant. CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought many challenges, but it does not seem to have had a significant impact on the health technology assessment approval decisions of CONITEC in Brazil.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of cinacalcet vs. paricalcitol in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease.

INTRODUCTION: For the reduction of PTH levels, two classes of drugs are available in the Brazilian market: non-selective and selective vitamin D receptor activators and calcimimetics. Among the mentioned drugs, the SUS provides oral calcitriol, paricalcitol and cinacalcet. OBJECTIVES: Develop cost-effectiveness (CE) and budgetary impact (BI) analysis of cinacalcet versus paricalcitol for patients on dialysis with SHPT, from the perspective of SUS. METHODOLOGY: A decision tree model was constructed for CE analysis, which considered the outcome of avoided parathyroidectomy and a time horizon of 1 year. As for the BI analysis, two scenarios were considered, one of which was measured demand and other epidemiological, based on data from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (BSN). RESULTS: The CE analysis showed that the use of cinacalcet results in one-off savings of R$1,394.64 per year and an incremental effectiveness of 0.08, in relation to avoided parathyroidectomy. The incremental CE ratio (ICER) was - R$ 17,653.67 per avoided parathyroidectomy for cinacalcet, as it was more effective and cheaper compared to paricalcitol. As for the BI analysis, it was estimated that the incremental BI with the expansion of the use of cinacalcet in the SUS will be between - R$ 1,640,864.62 and R$ 166,368.50 in the first year, considering the main and the epidemiological scenarios. At the end of 5 years after the expansion of use, an BI was estimated between - R$ 10,740,743.86 and - R$ 1,191,339.37; considering the same scenarios. CONCLUSION: Cinacalcet was dominant to avoid parathyroidectomies, being cost-effective.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of intravenous paricalcitol vs. oral calcitriol in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease / Análise de custo-efetividade do paricalcitol intravenoso vs. calcitriol oral no tratamento do hiperparatireoidismo secundário à doença renal crônica

Abstract Introduction: Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and cardiovascular disease. Selective and non-selective and selective vitamin D-receptor activators, calcimimetics, are available in the Brazilian market to reduce PTH levels. Objectives: To develop a cost-effectiveness (C/E) and budgetary impact (BI) analysis of intravenous paricalcitol vs. oral calcitriol for patients on dialysis with SHPT, from the perspective of the Brazilian Public Health Care System (SUS). Methodology: We built a decision-tree model to analyze C/E, which considered the outcome of avoided death and a time horizon of 1 year. As for the BI analysis, two scenarios were considered, one of demand and one of epidemiological approach, based on data from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. Results: The analysis showed that the C/E ratio was R$ 1,213.68 per year, and an incremental effectiveness of 0.032, referring to avoided death. The incremental C/E ratio was R$37,927.50 per death averted by paricalcitol. It was estimated that the incremental BI with the expansion of paricalcitol use will be between R$1,600,202.28 and R$4,128,565.65 in the first year, considering the main and epidemiological scenarios. At the end of 5 years after the expansion of its use, an incremental BI was estimated between R$ 48,596,855.50 and R$ 62,90,555.73. Conclusion: Intravenous paricalcitol has superior efficacy and similar safety to oral calcitriol, reducing the overall mortality of dialysis patients, although it implies a higher cost.

Resumo Introdução: O hiperparatireoidismo secundário (HPTS) à doença crônica renal (DRC) é caracterizado por elevados níveis de paratormônio (PTH), hiperplasia das glândulas paratireoides e doença cardiovascular. Para a redução dos níveis do PTH, estão disponíveis no mercado brasileiro os ativadores não seletivos e seletivos do receptor da vitamina D e os calcimiméticos. Objetivos: Desenvolver análise de custo-efetividade (C/E) e de impacto orçamentário (IO) do paricalcitol intravenoso vs. calcitriol oral para pacientes em diálise com HPTS, na perspectiva do Sistema Único de Saúde. Metodologia: Foi construído um modelo de árvore de decisão para a análise de C/E, que considerou o desfecho morte evitada e um horizonte temporal de 1 ano. Quanto à análise de IO, foram considerados dois cenários, sendo um de demanda aferida e um de abordagem epidemiológica, baseado nos dados da Sociedade Brasileira de Nefrologia. Resultados: A análise mostrou que a relação de C/E foi de R$ 1.213,68 ao ano, e uma efetividade incremental de 0,032, referente à morte evitada. A razão de C/E incremental foi de R$ 37.927,50 por morte evitada para o paricalcitol. Estimou-se que o IO incremental com a ampliação do uso do paricalcitol estará entre R$ 1.600.202,28 e R$ 4.128.565,65 no primeiro ano, considerando os cenários principal e o epidemiológico. Já no fim de 5 anos após a ampliação do uso, estimou-se IO incremental entre R$ 48.596.855,50 e R$ 62.90.555,73. Conclusão: O paricalcitol intravenoso tem eficácia superior e segurança semelhante ao comparador calcitriol oral, diminuindo a mortalidade geral dos pacientes em diálise, embora implique maior custo.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of intravenous paricalcitol vs. oral calcitriol in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic kidney disease.

INTRODUCTION: Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands and cardiovascular disease. Selective and non-selective and selective vitamin D-receptor activators, calcimimetics, are available in the Brazilian market to reduce PTH levels. OBJECTIVES: To develop a cost-effectiveness (C/E) and budgetary impact (BI) analysis of intravenous paricalcitol vs. oral calcitriol for patients on dialysis with SHPT, from the perspective of the Brazilian Public Health Care System (SUS). METHODOLOGY: We built a decision-tree model to analyze C/E, which considered the outcome of avoided death and a time horizon of 1 year. As for the BI analysis, two scenarios were considered, one of demand and one of epidemiological approach, based on data from the Brazilian Society of Nephrology. RESULTS: The analysis showed that the C/E ratio was R$ 1,213.68 per year, and an incremental effectiveness of 0.032, referring to avoided death. The incremental C/E ratio was R$37,927.50 per death averted by paricalcitol. It was estimated that the incremental BI with the expansion of paricalcitol use will be between R$1,600,202.28 and R$4,128,565.65 in the first year, considering the main and epidemiological scenarios. At the end of 5 years after the expansion of its use, an incremental BI was estimated between R$ 48,596,855.50 and R$ 62,90,555.73. CONCLUSION: Intravenous paricalcitol has superior efficacy and similar safety to oral calcitriol, reducing the overall mortality of dialysis patients, although it implies a higher cost.

O trabalho de cuidadores em serviços residenciais terapêuticos: revisão de escopo / Work process of caregivers in residential therapeutic services: scope review / El trabajo de los cuidadores en los servicios residenciales terapêuticos: revisión del alcance

Objetivo: mapear produções nacionais e internacionais, relacionadas ao processo de trabalho de cuidadores em Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos. Método: revisão de escopo realizada em bases de dados selecionadas e no buscador Google Acadêmico, de agosto a setembro de 2019. Resultados: foram identificadas 452 referências nas bases PUBMED e LILACS/BVS e 8.910 referências no Google Acadêmico. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 10 artigos compuseram o estudo. Com base na Teoria de Processo de Trabalho em Saúde, três categorias foram definidas para análise da amostra encontrada. Conclusão: identificou-se que a equipe de cuidadores concentra sua ação sobre o objeto de trabalho, referido predominantemente como as pessoas moradoras da casa, utilizando instrumentos, ainda pouco elaborados, para a finalidade de ampliar autonomia e a gestão de conflitos no desafio da (re)inserção social e comunitária

Objective: to map national and international productions, related to the work process of caregivers in Therapeutic Residential Services. Method: scoping review conducted in selected databases and Google Academic search engine, from August to September 2019. Results: 452 references were identified in the PUBMED and LILACS/BVS databases and 8,910 references in Google Scholar. After inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles composed the study. Based on the Health Work Process Theory, three categories were defined for analysis of the sample found. Conclusion: it was identified that the team of caregivers focus their action on the object of work, predominantly referred to as the people living in the house, using tools, still little developed, for the purpose of expanding autonomy and conflict management in the challenge of social and community (re)insertion

Objetivos: mapear producciones nacionales e internacionales, relacionadas con el proceso de trabajo de cuidadores en Servicios Residenciales Terapéuticos. Método: revisión de alcance realizada en bases de datos seleccionadas y en el motor de búsqueda Google Scholar, de agosto a septiembre de 2019. Resultados: se identificaron 452 referencias en las bases de datos PUBMED y LILACS/BVS y 8.910 referencias en Google Académico. Después de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, 10 artículos compusieron el estudio. Con base en la Teoría del Proceso de Trabajo en Salud, se definieron tres categorías para análisis de la muestra encontrada. Conclusión: se identificó que el equipo de cuidadores centra su acción en el objeto de trabajo, predominantemente referido a las personas que viven en la casa, utilizando instrumentos, aún poco desarrollados, con el propósito de ampliar la autonomía y la gestión de conflictos en el desafío de la (re)inserción social y comunitaria